Piling.



Patented Feb. Il, |902." A. B. CLARK.

No.l 693,235.

PILING.

(Application med `May-31, 1901.)

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YHE Nonws PETERS co4. PNc'To-LIT'HO.. WASHINGTQMYD. n.

UNITED STATES d l AMAs'AgB. CLARK, or NEwYoEK, N. Y.

PATENT EEICE.

PILING.

.SPEGIFICAEIQN formingpart of Letters Patent No. 693,235, dated February 11, 1902.

Application filed May 31,1901.

To @ZZ whom, it may concern:

zen of the 'United States of America, 'and a resident ofthe borough of Manhattan,'in the 'city of New York 'and State of New York, have invented'certain new and useful Improvements in Piling, of which the'following is a specification.

'This invention relates to improvements in piling for structural purposes, excavationwork, and the like.y

Each pile (or section of the piling) is com- :posed of sheet-metal walls separated by timber or by metal braces, and each pile contains or has constructed withk it a space for grout orany other fluid material. The vertical edges of 'each pile are also respectively tongued and .gr'ooved or otherwise provided with ldevices whereby the edge of one pile interlocks with the adjacent edge of the next pile, so that theA whole forms .a tight wall of sheet-piling of great tensile strength. In the preferred form of the invention, which is 'hereinafter described in detail, each pile. contains'a chamber,which is lled with grout either as thepile is being driven or afterward, and this grout setting adds greatly to theptensilestrength of the piling. I also prefer to provide an orifice near the bottom of each pile for the escape of the grout or other fluid material, to assist in drivingthe pile by lubricating the surface, and in other well-known ways. Each pile is provided with a substantial cap,A and a fillinghole is made in the cap or preferably in the wall of the pile immediately beneath the cap for filling the pile with groutor other huid material under pressure. The great solidity and tensile strength of this sheet-piling enable it to be used with great advantages over any other in many critical cases ',ofexcavation, as where the excavation is to be made through unstable earth and near the foundations of great modern office-buildings, for such sheet-pilingwill e'ectively prevent the lateral movement of the earth under the foundations of the building'near which the excavation is being made and will permit the eX cavation to be carried on withoutdanger to the building and nearer to the building-foundations than is possible with any piling here# tofore used.

Referring to the drawings which accomserial No. 62,500. (No mode.)

y pany` the specification to aid the description,

braced by vertical channel and U irons. Thel caps are removed from most of the piles to show the interior space for the grout. This figure also clearly shows one construction of tongues and grooves for interlocking the edges of adjacent piles. Fig. 2 is a broken horizontal section, Onlarger scale, of piles having a modified construction forinterlocking the adjacent vertical edges. Fig. 3 is a cross-section, on the scale of Fig. 2, of still another modification of the shape of the pile and manner ofinterlocking the edges. Figs. 4 and 5 are crosssections, on the same scale as Fig. 2, of piles which are solidly filled with timber,

but have in the one case a passage for uid ma` terial formed integral with one wall of the pile and in the other case a pipe fastened to the wall. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are respectively a crosssection, abroken face elevation,and abroken edge elevation of a pile having internal timber bracingwith a space for grout between the timbers'. One edge of this pile is ton gued and the other groove'd for locking with the edges of adjacent piles. Fig. 9 "is a view of the point of Fig. 7 from below. Figs. l0, 11, and 12 are respectively a cross f' section, a broken face elevation, and a brokeny edge elevation of piles which are provided with splicing devices for securing one pile on top of another where the piles are to be driven to great depths. A modified tongue andgroove constructionis shown in Fig. l0. Fig. 13 is a view of the shoe of Fig. 11 from below and showing the discharge-orifice through the shoe.

Referring to Fig. 1,v each pile consists of metal sheets l, preferably steel, spaced the proper distance apart and braced by the vertical channel-irons 2 and U-bends 3, to'which said sheetsl are securely fastened by rivets or otherwise. The edges of said sheets 1 project a little beyond said channel-irons 2 to form a groove, and said U-bends 3 project a little. beyond the edges of said sheets l to form a tongue to interlock with the groove of the next pile, as clearly shown in this iig- -ure. Cast orforged metal shoes 5, narrowed to a cutting edge and beveled to a point 6, as

IOO

- with its adjacent piles.

shown, are riveted into the lower end of each pile, and cast or forged metal caps 8, which receive the blow of the pile-driver in driving the pile, are bolted in the top of each pile. An orifice 10 is provided near the top of the Vpile for connecting with a pipe or hose from a pump toforce grout or other fluid material into the pile under pressure, and an orifice 11 is provided in the shoe 5 or point of the pile for the escape of the grout or other fluid material from the pile. Each pile is driven in the ordinary manner by a piledriver, and grout or other Huid material may be forced into the pile while the driving progresses to lubricate the surface and assist, the driving. After each pile is driven the next pile is started down, it-s tongued or grooved edge being engaged with grooved or tongued edge of the pile first driven, and so on,so that acontinuouswall of sheet-piling is produced, each pile being rmly interlocked The grout or other material will also lill all interstices orcrevices and not only strengthen but also render the sheet-piling water-tight.

Referring to Fig. 2, the piles differ from those shown in Fig. 1 in that both the spacing and strengthening members are. channelirons 12 12, and the edges of the sheets 13 13 project at both sides beyond said channelirons to form vertical grooves, as shown. With this construction alternate piles will be narrower, so as to fit into the grooves of the wider piles, as indicated at 14 14.

Referring to Fig. 3, the metal sheets 1G 16, which form the walls of the pile, are bent to give great stiness. At one edge these sheets are riveted together to form tongues 17 and at the other edge are riveted to vertical spacing-bars 18, the edges of said sheets 16 16 proj ecting beyond said blocks 18 to form a groove.

In Fig. 4 the space between the metal sheets 2O 21 is filled practically from shoe to cap with timber 22, to which said sheets are bolted; but sheet21 is bent to form the vertical passage 23 for grout or other fluid material. This passage will have an opening at the top to be connected with a pipe from a pump and a discharge-opening at the bottom. The tongue-and-groove construction of this pile is clearly indicated in the ligure.

In Fig. 5 a pipe 26 is secured to the outside of the sheet 27 to be filled with grout or other fluid material. Said pipe 2G will have a filling-opening at the top and a discharge-opening at the bottom. The tongue-andgroove construction of the pile is the same as in Fig. 4.

Referring to Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, the metal sheets 30 30 are spaced and braced by the vertical timbers 32 32, which extend from the cap 33 to the point 34. Between said timbers 32 32 is a space 37, adapted to be filled with grout or other fluid material. A filling-hole 38 is provided near the top of the pile and a discharge-orifice 39 near the bottom thereof below said timbers 32. The said point 34 is formed by drawing the lower edges of the said sheets 30togetl1erand riveting them, the edges of the sheets being also inclined in face view to the point 40, as shown. The tongue is formed by riveting vertical metal strips 41 41 on the insides of the projecting edges of said sheets 30 at one edge of the pile, and the groove is formed at the other edge of said pile by the opposite projecting edges of said sheets 30 30, as shown.

Referring to Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13, each of the lower sections of the piles which are to be driven into the ground is composed of metal sheets 42 42, which are braced and spaced by vertical channel-irons 43 near one edge and vertical U-bends 44 near the other edge. The cast or forged shoe 46 is chambered and channeled, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 11 and provided with the discharge-orifice 47. The said `shoe 46 is also narrowed to a cutting edge 48 and beveled to the point 49, as indicated, and the lower edges of the sheet-metal tongues and grooves are beveled, as at 50 51, to facilitate the driving of the pile, the same beveling of the tongues and grooves being shown in Figs. 1 and 7. A splice consisting of a hollow casting or forging 53 is riveted into the top of the pile, about one half projecting above the top of said sheets 42 42. The upper section of the pile is formed of sheets 55 55, which are riveted to channel-irons 43and U-bends 44,as described. Caps 56, similar to those hereinbefore described, are bolted into the upper end of said upper section, and the lower end of said section is riveted or bolted to the said splice 53 aft-er the lower section of the pile has been driven to place. A filling-hole 58 is provided for Iilling the pile with grout or other fluid material. Vith this construction piles of great length and at the same time great tensile strength may be produced for cases where very long piles are required, and of course a pile may be composed of more than two sections when necessary.

It will be evident on referring to Fig. 1 that cross-walls of my sheet-piling may be driven from one to the other of the parallel walls there shown, and Vthus a caisson may be easily constructed for many classes of work. It will also be evident from the same ligure that assuming the pile at the left to be first driven, then the next pile to the right, and so on, the bevel of the shoes 5 to the points G will force each pile firmly against the one just before driven, and this is a useful and important feature of my piles, aiding to make a tight and rm joint between each pile and the adjacent piles. l

While I have shown several modifications IOO IIO

of the invention, I do not wish to be limited to the express details of any of them, my invention broadly covering a metal or metal-'and-timber pile with a chamber or pas- .sage for grout or other fluid material and provided with interlocking devices for connecting its vertical edges with the edges of the neXt pile. I can of course use piles with right-angled edgesin place of the piles with the beveled edges. 4

Now, having described my improvements, I claim as my inventionl. A pile consisting of metallic walls provided with a cap and a point, a passage for uid material, and tongue-and-groove devices for interlocking with adjacent piles, substantially as described.

2. A pile consisting of metallic walls and provided with a point and a cap, a chamber in said pile for iiuid material and having a filling and a discharge orice, and a tongue on one vertical edge and a groove on the other vertical'edge of said pile for interlocking with the vertical edges of adjacent piles, substantially as described.

3. A pile consisting of metallic walls, brac ing between said walls, a space for fluid material between said bracing having a filling and a discharging orifice, a cap and shoe, and a tongue on one vertical edge and a groove on the other vertical edge of the pile for interlocking with the Vertical edges of ad j acen t piles, substantially as described.

4. A pile consisting of metallic walls with metal bracing, a passage for luidmaterial .f

provided with a filling and a discharge opening, a cap and a shoe, and agroove on one'vertical edge and a tongue on the other vertical edge forinterlocking with the vertical edges of adjacent piles, substantially as described.

5. The combination in 'a pile of metallic Walls braced within, a chamber in said pile for fluid material, and a shoe beveled to one edge whereby as the pile is driven it is forced against its adjacent pile, substantially as de-l scribed. n `6. A hollow pile characterized by the following elements, walls braced within, a cap on the upper end of said walls, a shoe on the lower end of said walls beveled toward one edge so as to force the pile against its adja; cent pile when driven, and devices on the Vertical edges of the pile adapted to inter` 

